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Hipparchia of Maroneia
Hipparchia of Maroneia (; (ギリシア語:Ἱππαρχία); fl. c. 325 BC) was a Cynic philosopher, and wife of Crates of Thebes. She was born in Maroneia, but her family moved to Athens, where Hipparchia came into contact with Crates, the most famous Cynic philosopher in Greece at that time. She fell in love with him, and, despite the disapproval of her parents, she married him. She went on to live a life of Cynic poverty on the streets of Athens with her husband.
Little survives of her own philosophical views, but like most Cynics, her influence lies in the example of her life, choosing a way of life which was usually considered unacceptable for respectable women of the time. The story of her attraction to Crates, and her rejection of conventional values, became a popular theme for later writers.
==Life==
Hipparchia was born c. 350 BC in Maroneia, Thrace.〔Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 96〕〔Suda, ''Hipparchia''.〕 Her family came to Athens, where Hipparchia's brother - Metrocles - became a pupil of the Cynic philosopher Crates of Thebes.〔Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 94〕 Hipparchia fell in love with Crates, and developed such a passion for him, that she told her parents that if they refused to allow her to marry him, she would kill herself. They begged Crates to dissuade her, and he stood before her, removed his clothes, and said, "Here is the bridegroom, and this is his property."〔 Hipparchia, however, was quite happy with this; she adopted the Cynic life assuming the same clothes that he wore, and appearing with him in public everywhere.〔Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 97〕 Crates called their marriage "dog-coupling" (''cynogamy'').〔Suda, ''Krates''.〕 We are told that they lived in the stoas and porticoes of Athens,〔Musonius Rufus, 14. 4.〕 and the Latin-language prose writer Apuleius wrote lurid accounts of them having sex, publicly, in broad daylight.〔Apuleius, ''Florida'' 2. 49.〕 Although this would have been consistent with Cynic shamelessness (''anaideia''), the mere fact that Hipparchia adopted male clothes and lived on equal terms with her husband would have been enough to shock Athenian society. Hipparchia had at least two children, a daughter,〔Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 93〕 and a son named Pasicles.〔〔Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 88〕 It is not known how or when she died. There is an epigram ascribed to Antipater of Sidon, as the sort of thing which may have been written on her tomb:
I, Hipparchia chose not the tasks of rich-robed woman, but the manly life of the Cynic.
Brooch-clasped tunics, well-clad shoes, and perfumed headscarves pleased me not;
But with wallet and fellow staff, together with coarse cloak and bed of hard ground,
My name shall be greater than Atalanta: for wisdom is better than mountain running.〔''Greek Anthology'', 7.413. This translation based on those of: William R. Paton, ''The Greek anthology'' (1918); Arthur Way, ''Greek Anthology'' (1939); Mary Ellen Waithe, ''A History of women philosophers'' (1991).〕
A genus of butterflies, Hipparchia (genus), bears her name.
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